Kings of India - 8

Mughal Empire [1526-1857 16th Century to 19th Century ]
(331 years)

Emperor	Birth	Reign Period	Death	Notes
Babur	Feb 23, 1483	1526–1530	Dec 26, 1530	Was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother and was related to Timur through his father. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the Battle of Panipat (1526) and the Battle of Khanwa.
Humayun	Mar 6, 1508	1530–1540	Jan 1556	Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.
Sher Shah Suri	1472	1540–1545	May 1545	Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty.
Islam Shah Suri	c.1500	1545–1554	1554	2nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration.
Humayun	Mar 6, 1508	1555–1556	Jan 1556	Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530–1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.
Akbar	Nov 14, 1542	1556–1605	Oct 27, 1605	He and Bairam Khan defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat and later won famous victories during theSiege of Chittorgarh and the Siege of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions; he married Mariam-uz-Zamani, a Rajput princess. One of his most famous construction marvels was the Lahore Fort.
Jahangir	Oct 1569	1605–1627	1627	Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic, and his wife Empress Noor Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.
Shah Jahan	Jan 5, 1592	1627–1658	1666	Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red Fort,Jahangir mausoleum, and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore. Deposed by his son Aurangzeb.
Aurangzeb	Oct 21, 1618	1658–1707	Mar 3, 1707	He reinterpreted Islamic law and presented the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri; he captured the diamond mines of the Sultanate of Golconda; he spent the major part of his last 27 years in the war with the Maratha rebels; at its zenith, his conquests expanded the empire to its greatest extent; the over-stretched empire was controlled by Mansabdars, and faced challenges after his death. He is known to have transcribed copies of the Qur'an using his own styles ofcalligraphy. he died during a campaign against the ravaging Marathas in the Deccan.
Bahadur Shah I	Oct 14, 1643	1707–1712	Feb 1712	First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the lack of leadership qualities among his immediate successors.
Jahandar Shah	1664	1712–1713	Feb 1713	Was an unpopular incompetent titular figurehead;
Furrukhsiyar	1683	1713–1719	1719	His reign marked the ascendancy of the manipulative Syed Brothers, execution of the rebellious Banda In 1717 he granted a Firman to the English East India Company granting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal, the Firman was repudiated by the notable Murshid Quli Khan.
Rafi Ul-Darjat	Unknown	1719	1719
Rafi Ud-Daulat	Unknown	1719	1719
Nikusiyar	Unknown	1719	1743
Muhammad Ibrahim	Unknown	1720	1744
Muhammad Shah	1702	1719–1720, 1720–1748	1748	Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Tried to counter the emergence of the Marathas but empire disintegrated. Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.[38]
Ahmad Shah Bahadur	1725	1748–54	1775
Alamgir II	1699	1754–1759	1759	He was murdered according by the Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau.
Shah Jahan III	Unknown	In 1759	1772	Was ordained to the imperial throne by Sadashivrao Bhau. Shah Jahan III was overthrown after the Third Battle of Panipat by Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.
Shah Alam II	1728	1759–1806	1806	Was nominated as the Mughal Emperor by Ahmad Shah Durrani after the Third Battle of Panipat. In 1764 saw the defeat of the combined forces of Mughal, Nawab of Oudh & Nawab of Bengal, Bihar at the hand of East India Company at the Battle of Buxar. Following this defeat, Shah Alam II left Delhi for Allahabad, ending hostilities with the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), which marked the beginning of British rule in India officially. Shah Alam II was reinstated to the throne of Delhi in 1772 by Mahadaji Shinde under the protection of the Marathas.[39] He was the last Mughal Emperor to have de jure control over the empire.
Akbar Shah II	1760	1806–1837	1837	He was a British pensioner. Under British protection, his imperial name was removed from the official coinage after a brief dispute with the British East India Company;
Bahadur Shah II	1775	1837–1857	1862	The last Mughal emperor was deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. End of Mughal dynasty.