Shariah is the law of the Qur'an and literally means "A path to life giving water." In fact, the word Yarrah (i.e. the root of the Hebrew word Torah) means precisely the same thing. Therefore, Shariah is actually ingrained in Abrahamic tradition.
| Category | Injunction | Actions |
| FARD | Strictly enjoined | Five daily prayers |
| MANDUB | Advisory (positive) | Performing additional prayers on Eid |
| JAIZ | Indifferent-Permitted | Travel by land, sea or air |
| MAKRUH | Advisory (negative) | Eating some kinds of fish |
| HARAM | Strictly prohibited | Alcohol consumption |
Shariah law champions absolute freedom of conscience and
freedom of religion. For example, the Qur'an goes as far as to oblige Muslims
to fight on behalf of Jews, Christians and people of other faiths and to
protect their churches, synagogues and temples from attack. (22:41)
Furthermore, Shariah holds that to be a Muslim, a person must testify to the
truth of all past prophets, including Jesus, Moses, Abraham, Krishna and
Buddha--and must respect their adherents. When Prophet Muhammad peacefully
became the ruler of Arabia, his primary condition for non-Muslims (and Muslims)
to reside in Arabia was that they allow all people of all faiths--be they Jews,
Christians, Muslims or idol worshipers--to worship in peace and without
oppression.
Goals of Punishment
| Forms | Purpose | Options |
| Hadd | Deterrence; retribution; expiation | None; mandatory |
| Qisas | Restitution | Some; limited |
| Taazir | Reform; deterrence | Full discretion of judge/authority |
Women in Islam are guided by primary Islamic sources of personal law,
namely the Quran and hadiths, as well as secondary sources such as the ijma,
qiyas, ijtihad in form such as fatwas; the secondary sources vary with various
sects of Islam and schools of jurisprudence (madhhab).
1. According to Islamic law (sharia), marriage cannot be forced.
2. Muslim women may not marry non-Muslim men
3. Out of wedlock copulation is prohibited.
4. Anal sex is prohibited
5. Female infant and fetus killing is prohibited
What
Quraan Says Clearly
And when he
came to the water of Madyan, he found on it a group of men watering, and he
found besides them two women keeping back (their flocks). He said: What is the
matter with you? They said: We cannot water until the shepherds take away
(their sheep) from the water, and our father is a very old man. — [Quran 28:23]
"For men is a share from what the parents and
near relatives leave, and for women is a share from what the parents and near
relative leave from less from it or more, a legal share." (Al-Quran 4:7)
And those
who accuse their wives and don't have witnesses except themselves then witness
of each of them is four witnesses by God that he is from truthfuls. And fifth
that curse of God be on him, if he is of liars. And it can save her from
punishment if she witnesses four times by God that he is from liars. And fifth
that wrath of God be on her, if he is from truthfuls. — [Quran 24:6-9]
And those
who accuse chaste women then do not bring four witnesses, flog them eighty
strips and don't accept their testimony forever. Indeed, they themselves are
disobedient. — [Quran 24:4]
And for you is half of what your wives left, if they
do not have child; and if they have child yours is one-fourth of what they
left; after the will they have bequeteth or debt. And for them is one fourth of
what you leave, if you do not have child; but if you have child theirs is
one-eighth; after the will you have bequeteth or debt. And if the man or woman,
inherited from, is Kalalah(childless) and; he has brother or sister, for each
of them is one-sixth; And if they are more than it they will share one-third;
after the will he bequetteth or untroubling debt. It is ordianance from God;
and God is All-knowing and Allbearing.{Al-Quran 4:12}
And the divorced women should keep themselves in
waiting until three periods. And it is not lawful for them to conceal what God
has created in their wombs, if they believe in God and last day. And their
husbands have most right of taking them back during this, if they want
reconciliation. And for them are like against them in recognized manner. And men
are a degree above them. And God is mighty and wise. (Al-Quran 2:228)
Refferences :
Al-Sariqa (theft) II: 286; V: 38,39;
Zina (fornication) XVII: 32; XXIV: 2–9;
Shurb al-Khamr (intoxication) II: 219; V: 93;
Al-Hiraba (highway robbery) V: 33,34; Killing (oath) II: 178,179; V: 33;
Al-Qadhf (defamation) XXIV: 4,5,11,19,23,24;
Witnesses II: 140,282,283; IV: 15,135; V: 8,108,111; XXIV: 13;
Punishments II: 178,179; IV: 15,16,92,93; V: 36,37,41,42; XXIV:2–5;
Taubah (repentance) IX: all verses particularly verse 29;
Qisas (lawful retaliation) II: 178; V: 33–35,45; XLII: 39,40;
War and peace II: 217; IV: 71,100; VIII: 41,61.
Jihad VIII: 15–16
